Step-1 Load Libraries¶

In [1]:
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.colors import LinearSegmentedColormap
import matplotlib.patches as patches
from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression
from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeClassifier
from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier
from sklearn import tree
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score,r2_score,confusion_matrix,f1_score,precision_score,recall_score
import category_encoders as ce
from sklearn.preprocessing import MinMaxScaler, OneHotEncoder, LabelEncoder 
import plotly.express as px

Step-2 Load Data¶

In [2]:
df_customer = pd.read_csv("Customer_Behavior_Data.csv",delimiter=';')
In [3]:
df = df_customer
In [4]:
df_customer.head()
Out[4]:
account length location code user id credit card info save push status add to wishlist desktop sessions app sessions desktop transactions total product detail views session duration promotion clicks avg order value sale product views discount rate per visited products product detail view per app session app transactions add to cart per session customer service calls churn
0 128 415 3824657 no yes 25 265 45 17 110 197 87 244,7 91 11,01 10 3 2,7 1 0
1 107 415 3717191 no yes 26 162 27 17 123 196 103 254,4 103 11,45 13,7 3 3,7 1 0
2 137 415 3581921 no no 0 243 41 10 114 121 110 162,6 104 7,32 12,2 5 3,29 0 0
3 84 408 3759999 yes no 0 299 51 5 71 62 88 196,9 89 8,86 6,6 7 1,78 2 0
4 75 415 3306626 yes no 0 167 28 13 113 148 122 186,9 121 8,41 10,1 3 2,73 3 0
In [5]:
df_customer.info()

<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
RangeIndex: 3333 entries, 0 to 3332
Data columns (total 20 columns):
 #   Column                               Non-Null Count  Dtype 
---  ------                               --------------  ----- 
 0   account length                       3333 non-null   int64 
 1   location code                        3333 non-null   int64 
 2   user id                              3333 non-null   int64 
 3   credit card info save                3333 non-null   object
 4   push status                          3333 non-null   object
 5   add to wishlist                      3333 non-null   int64 
 6   desktop sessions                     3333 non-null   int64 
 7   app sessions                         3333 non-null   int64 
 8   desktop transactions                 3333 non-null   int64 
 9   total product detail views           3333 non-null   int64 
 10  session duration                     3333 non-null   int64 
 11  promotion clicks                     3333 non-null   int64 
 12  avg order value                      3333 non-null   object
 13  sale product views                   3333 non-null   int64 
 14  discount rate per visited products   3333 non-null   object
 15  product detail view per app session  3333 non-null   object
 16  app transactions                     3333 non-null   int64 
 17  add to cart per session              3333 non-null   object
 18  customer service calls               3333 non-null   int64 
 19  churn                                3333 non-null   int64 
dtypes: int64(14), object(6)
memory usage: 520.9+ KB
In [6]:
df_customer["avg order value"] = df_customer["avg order value"].apply(lambda x: x.replace(",", "."))
In [7]:
df_customer.head()
Out[7]:
account length location code user id credit card info save push status add to wishlist desktop sessions app sessions desktop transactions total product detail views session duration promotion clicks avg order value sale product views discount rate per visited products product detail view per app session app transactions add to cart per session customer service calls churn
0 128 415 3824657 no yes 25 265 45 17 110 197 87 244.7 91 11,01 10 3 2,7 1 0
1 107 415 3717191 no yes 26 162 27 17 123 196 103 254.4 103 11,45 13,7 3 3,7 1 0
2 137 415 3581921 no no 0 243 41 10 114 121 110 162.6 104 7,32 12,2 5 3,29 0 0
3 84 408 3759999 yes no 0 299 51 5 71 62 88 196.9 89 8,86 6,6 7 1,78 2 0
4 75 415 3306626 yes no 0 167 28 13 113 148 122 186.9 121 8,41 10,1 3 2,73 3 0
In [8]:
df_customer['discount rate per visited products']= df_customer['discount rate per visited products'].apply(lambda x: x.replace(",", "."))
df_customer['product detail view per app session']= df_customer['product detail view per app session'].apply(lambda x: x.replace(",", "."))
df_customer['add to cart per session']= df_customer['add to cart per session'].apply(lambda x: x.replace(",", "."))
In [9]:
df_customer.head()
Out[9]:
account length location code user id credit card info save push status add to wishlist desktop sessions app sessions desktop transactions total product detail views session duration promotion clicks avg order value sale product views discount rate per visited products product detail view per app session app transactions add to cart per session customer service calls churn
0 128 415 3824657 no yes 25 265 45 17 110 197 87 244.7 91 11.01 10 3 2.7 1 0
1 107 415 3717191 no yes 26 162 27 17 123 196 103 254.4 103 11.45 13.7 3 3.7 1 0
2 137 415 3581921 no no 0 243 41 10 114 121 110 162.6 104 7.32 12.2 5 3.29 0 0
3 84 408 3759999 yes no 0 299 51 5 71 62 88 196.9 89 8.86 6.6 7 1.78 2 0
4 75 415 3306626 yes no 0 167 28 13 113 148 122 186.9 121 8.41 10.1 3 2.73 3 0
In [10]:
df_customer.info()

<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
RangeIndex: 3333 entries, 0 to 3332
Data columns (total 20 columns):
 #   Column                               Non-Null Count  Dtype 
---  ------                               --------------  ----- 
 0   account length                       3333 non-null   int64 
 1   location code                        3333 non-null   int64 
 2   user id                              3333 non-null   int64 
 3   credit card info save                3333 non-null   object
 4   push status                          3333 non-null   object
 5   add to wishlist                      3333 non-null   int64 
 6   desktop sessions                     3333 non-null   int64 
 7   app sessions                         3333 non-null   int64 
 8   desktop transactions                 3333 non-null   int64 
 9   total product detail views           3333 non-null   int64 
 10  session duration                     3333 non-null   int64 
 11  promotion clicks                     3333 non-null   int64 
 12  avg order value                      3333 non-null   object
 13  sale product views                   3333 non-null   int64 
 14  discount rate per visited products   3333 non-null   object
 15  product detail view per app session  3333 non-null   object
 16  app transactions                     3333 non-null   int64 
 17  add to cart per session              3333 non-null   object
 18  customer service calls               3333 non-null   int64 
 19  churn                                3333 non-null   int64 
dtypes: int64(14), object(6)
memory usage: 520.9+ KB
In [11]:
df_customer['avg order value'] = df_customer['avg order value'].astype(float)
In [12]:
df_customer['discount rate per visited products']= df_customer['discount rate per visited products'].astype(float)
df_customer['product detail view per app session']= df_customer['product detail view per app session'].astype(float)
df_customer['add to cart per session']= df_customer['add to cart per session'].astype(float)
In [13]:
df_customer.describe()
Out[13]:
account length location code user id add to wishlist desktop sessions app sessions desktop transactions total product detail views session duration promotion clicks avg order value sale product views discount rate per visited products product detail view per app session app transactions add to cart per session customer service calls churn
count 3333.000000 3333.000000 3.333000e+03 3333.000000 3333.000000 3333.000000 3333.000000 3333.000000 3333.000000 3333.000000 3333.000000 3333.000000 3333.000000 3333.000000 3333.000000 3333.000000 3333.000000 3333.000000
mean 101.064806 437.182418 3.746291e+06 8.099010 179.811881 30.567957 17.087609 100.435644 201.039604 100.110711 200.872037 100.107711 9.039325 10.237294 4.479448 2.764581 1.562856 0.144914
std 39.822106 42.371290 2.746626e+05 13.688365 54.457135 9.269376 4.323795 20.069084 50.714359 19.923911 50.573847 19.568609 2.275873 2.791840 2.461214 0.753773 1.315491 0.352067
min 1.000000 408.000000 3.271058e+06 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 23.200000 33.000000 1.040000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
25% 74.000000 408.000000 3.508680e+06 0.000000 144.000000 24.000000 14.000000 87.000000 167.000000 87.000000 167.000000 87.000000 7.520000 8.500000 3.000000 2.300000 1.000000 0.000000
50% 101.000000 415.000000 3.748187e+06 0.000000 179.000000 31.000000 17.000000 101.000000 201.000000 100.000000 201.200000 100.000000 9.050000 10.300000 4.000000 2.780000 1.000000 0.000000
75% 127.000000 510.000000 3.985970e+06 20.000000 216.000000 37.000000 20.000000 114.000000 235.000000 114.000000 235.300000 113.000000 10.590000 12.100000 6.000000 3.270000 2.000000 0.000000
max 243.000000 510.000000 4.229964e+06 51.000000 351.000000 60.000000 31.000000 165.000000 364.000000 170.000000 395.000000 175.000000 17.770000 20.000000 20.000000 5.400000 9.000000 1.000000

Step-3 Handle Missing Values¶

In [14]:
df_customer.info()

<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
RangeIndex: 3333 entries, 0 to 3332
Data columns (total 20 columns):
 #   Column                               Non-Null Count  Dtype  
---  ------                               --------------  -----  
 0   account length                       3333 non-null   int64  
 1   location code                        3333 non-null   int64  
 2   user id                              3333 non-null   int64  
 3   credit card info save                3333 non-null   object 
 4   push status                          3333 non-null   object 
 5   add to wishlist                      3333 non-null   int64  
 6   desktop sessions                     3333 non-null   int64  
 7   app sessions                         3333 non-null   int64  
 8   desktop transactions                 3333 non-null   int64  
 9   total product detail views           3333 non-null   int64  
 10  session duration                     3333 non-null   int64  
 11  promotion clicks                     3333 non-null   int64  
 12  avg order value                      3333 non-null   float64
 13  sale product views                   3333 non-null   int64  
 14  discount rate per visited products   3333 non-null   float64
 15  product detail view per app session  3333 non-null   float64
 16  app transactions                     3333 non-null   int64  
 17  add to cart per session              3333 non-null   float64
 18  customer service calls               3333 non-null   int64  
 19  churn                                3333 non-null   int64  
dtypes: float64(4), int64(14), object(2)
memory usage: 520.9+ KB
In [15]:
df_customer.isnull().sum()
Out[15]:
account length                         0
location code                          0
user id                                0
credit card info save                  0
push status                            0
add to wishlist                        0
desktop sessions                       0
app sessions                           0
desktop transactions                   0
total product detail views             0
session duration                       0
promotion clicks                       0
avg order value                        0
sale product views                     0
discount rate per visited products     0
product detail view per app session    0
app transactions                       0
add to cart per session                0
customer service calls                 0
churn                                  0
dtype: int64
In [16]:
def sniff_modified(df):
    with pd.option_context("display.max_colwidth", 20):
        info = pd.DataFrame()
        info['data type'] = df.dtypes
        info['percent missing'] = df.isnull().sum()*100/len(df)
        info['No. unique'] = df.apply(lambda x: len(x.unique()))
        info['unique values'] = df.apply(lambda x: x.unique())
        return info.sort_values('data type')
In [17]:
sniff_modified(df_customer)
Out[17]:
data type percent missing No. unique unique values
account length int64 0.0 212 [128, 107, 137, 84, 75, 118, 121, 147, 117, 14...
app transactions int64 0.0 21 [3, 5, 7, 6, 4, 2, 9, 19, 1, 10, 15, 8, 11, 0,...
sale product views int64 0.0 120 [91, 103, 104, 89, 121, 118, 96, 90, 97, 111, ...
promotion clicks int64 0.0 123 [87, 103, 110, 88, 122, 101, 108, 94, 80, 111,...
session duration int64 0.0 287 [197, 196, 121, 62, 148, 221, 349, 103, 352, 2...
customer service calls int64 0.0 10 [1, 0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 6, 8]
desktop transactions int64 0.0 30 [17, 10, 5, 13, 19, 30, 9, 14, 21, 26, 27, 24,...
total product detail views int64 0.0 119 [110, 123, 114, 71, 113, 98, 88, 79, 97, 84, 1...
desktop sessions int64 0.0 295 [265, 162, 243, 299, 167, 223, 218, 157, 185, ...
add to wishlist int64 0.0 46 [25, 26, 0, 24, 37, 27, 33, 39, 30, 41, 28, 34...
user id int64 0.0 3333 [3824657, 3717191, 3581921, 3759999, 3306626, ...
location code int64 0.0 3 [415, 408, 510]
app sessions int64 0.0 60 [45, 27, 41, 51, 28, 38, 37, 31, 44, 22, 32, 2...
churn int64 0.0 2 [0, 1]
avg order value float64 0.0 1591 [244.7, 254.4, 162.6, 196.9, 186.9, 203.9, 212...
discount rate per visited products float64 0.0 933 [11.01, 11.45, 7.32, 8.86, 8.41, 9.18, 9.57, 9...
product detail view per app session float64 0.0 162 [10.0, 13.7, 12.2, 6.6, 10.1, 6.3, 7.5, 7.1, 8...
add to cart per session float64 0.0 162 [2.7, 3.7, 3.29, 1.78, 2.73, 1.7, 2.03, 1.92, ...
push status object 0.0 2 [yes, no]
credit card info save object 0.0 2 [no, yes]
In [18]:
df_customer.shape
Out[18]:
(3333, 20)
In [19]:
df_customer.to_csv('cleaned_customer.csv')

Step-4 Check for Duplicates¶

Explanation for duplicate¶

The dataset contains as many unique user IDs as there are total rows, indicating that there are no duplicate values in the dataset.

In [20]:
df_customer.columns
Out[20]:
Index(['account length', 'location code', 'user id', 'credit card info save',
       'push status', 'add to wishlist', 'desktop sessions', 'app sessions',
       'desktop transactions', 'total product detail views',
       'session duration', 'promotion clicks', 'avg order value',
       'sale product views', 'discount rate per visited products',
       'product detail view per app session', 'app transactions',
       'add to cart per session', 'customer service calls', 'churn'],
      dtype='object')
In [21]:
duplicates = {}

for column in df_customer.columns:
    duplicates[column]=df_customer[df_customer.duplicated(column,keep = False)]

duplicates
Out[21]:
{'account length':       account length  location code  user id credit card info save  \
 0                128            415  3824657                    no   
 1                107            415  3717191                    no   
 2                137            415  3581921                    no   
 3                 84            408  3759999                   yes   
 4                 75            415  3306626                   yes   
 ...              ...            ...      ...                   ...   
 3328             192            415  4144276                    no   
 3329              68            415  3703271                    no   
 3330              28            510  3288230                    no   
 3331             184            510  3646381                   yes   
 3332              74            415  4004344                    no   
 
      push status  add to wishlist  desktop sessions  app sessions  \
 0            yes               25               265            45   
 1            yes               26               162            27   
 2             no                0               243            41   
 3             no                0               299            51   
 4             no                0               167            28   
 ...          ...              ...               ...           ...   
 3328         yes               36               156            27   
 3329          no                0               231            39   
 3330          no                0               181            31   
 3331          no                0               214            36   
 3332         yes               25               234            40   
 
       desktop transactions  total product detail views  session duration  \
 0                       17                         110               197   
 1                       17                         123               196   
 2                       10                         114               121   
 3                        5                          71                62   
 4                       13                         113               148   
 ...                    ...                         ...               ...   
 3328                    18                          77               216   
 3329                    13                          57               153   
 3330                    25                         109               289   
 3331                    14                         105               160   
 3332                    23                         113               266   
 
       promotion clicks  avg order value  sale product views  \
 0                   87            244.7                  91   
 1                  103            254.4                 103   
 2                  110            162.6                 104   
 3                   88            196.9                  89   
 4                  122            186.9                 121   
 ...                ...              ...                 ...   
 3328               126            279.1                  83   
 3329                55            191.3                 123   
 3330                58            191.9                  91   
 3331                84            139.2                 137   
 3332                82            241.4                  77   
 
       discount rate per visited products  product detail view per app session  \
 0                                  11.01                                 10.0   
 1                                  11.45                                 13.7   
 2                                   7.32                                 12.2   
 3                                   8.86                                  6.6   
 4                                   8.41                                 10.1   
 ...                                  ...                                  ...   
 3328                               12.56                                  9.9   
 3329                                8.61                                  9.6   
 3330                                8.64                                 14.1   
 3331                                6.26                                  5.0   
 3332                               10.86                                 13.7   
 
       app transactions  add to cart per session  customer service calls  churn  
 0                    3                     2.70                       1      0  
 1                    3                     3.70                       1      0  
 2                    5                     3.29                       0      0  
 3                    7                     1.78                       2      0  
 4                    3                     2.73                       3      0  
 ...                ...                      ...                     ...    ...  
 3328                 6                     2.67                       2      0  
 3329                 4                     2.59                       3      0  
 3330                 6                     3.81                       2      0  
 3331                10                     1.35                       2      0  
 3332                 4                     3.70                       0      0  
 
 [3317 rows x 20 columns],
 'location code':       account length  location code  user id credit card info save  \
 0                128            415  3824657                    no   
 1                107            415  3717191                    no   
 2                137            415  3581921                    no   
 3                 84            408  3759999                   yes   
 4                 75            415  3306626                   yes   
 ...              ...            ...      ...                   ...   
 3328             192            415  4144276                    no   
 3329              68            415  3703271                    no   
 3330              28            510  3288230                    no   
 3331             184            510  3646381                   yes   
 3332              74            415  4004344                    no   
 
      push status  add to wishlist  desktop sessions  app sessions  \
 0            yes               25               265            45   
 1            yes               26               162            27   
 2             no                0               243            41   
 3             no                0               299            51   
 4             no                0               167            28   
 ...          ...              ...               ...           ...   
 3328         yes               36               156            27   
 3329          no                0               231            39   
 3330          no                0               181            31   
 3331          no                0               214            36   
 3332         yes               25               234            40   
 
       desktop transactions  total product detail views  session duration  \
 0                       17                         110               197   
 1                       17                         123               196   
 2                       10                         114               121   
 3                        5                          71                62   
 4                       13                         113               148   
 ...                    ...                         ...               ...   
 3328                    18                          77               216   
 3329                    13                          57               153   
 3330                    25                         109               289   
 3331                    14                         105               160   
 3332                    23                         113               266   
 
       promotion clicks  avg order value  sale product views  \
 0                   87            244.7                  91   
 1                  103            254.4                 103   
 2                  110            162.6                 104   
 3                   88            196.9                  89   
 4                  122            186.9                 121   
 ...                ...              ...                 ...   
 3328               126            279.1                  83   
 3329                55            191.3                 123   
 3330                58            191.9                  91   
 3331                84            139.2                 137   
 3332                82            241.4                  77   
 
       discount rate per visited products  product detail view per app session  \
 0                                  11.01                                 10.0   
 1                                  11.45                                 13.7   
 2                                   7.32                                 12.2   
 3                                   8.86                                  6.6   
 4                                   8.41                                 10.1   
 ...                                  ...                                  ...   
 3328                               12.56                                  9.9   
 3329                                8.61                                  9.6   
 3330                                8.64                                 14.1   
 3331                                6.26                                  5.0   
 3332                               10.86                                 13.7   
 
       app transactions  add to cart per session  customer service calls  churn  
 0                    3                     2.70                       1      0  
 1                    3                     3.70                       1      0  
 2                    5                     3.29                       0      0  
 3                    7                     1.78                       2      0  
 4                    3                     2.73                       3      0  
 ...                ...                      ...                     ...    ...  
 3328                 6                     2.67                       2      0  
 3329                 4                     2.59                       3      0  
 3330                 6                     3.81                       2      0  
 3331                10                     1.35                       2      0  
 3332                 4                     3.70                       0      0  
 
 [3333 rows x 20 columns],
 'user id': Empty DataFrame
 Columns: [account length, location code, user id, credit card info save, push status, add to wishlist, desktop sessions, app sessions, desktop transactions, total product detail views, session duration, promotion clicks, avg order value, sale product views, discount rate per visited products, product detail view per app session, app transactions, add to cart per session, customer service calls, churn]
 Index: [],
 'credit card info save':       account length  location code  user id credit card info save  \
 0                128            415  3824657                    no   
 1                107            415  3717191                    no   
 2                137            415  3581921                    no   
 3                 84            408  3759999                   yes   
 4                 75            415  3306626                   yes   
 ...              ...            ...      ...                   ...   
 3328             192            415  4144276                    no   
 3329              68            415  3703271                    no   
 3330              28            510  3288230                    no   
 3331             184            510  3646381                   yes   
 3332              74            415  4004344                    no   
 
      push status  add to wishlist  desktop sessions  app sessions  \
 0            yes               25               265            45   
 1            yes               26               162            27   
 2             no                0               243            41   
 3             no                0               299            51   
 4             no                0               167            28   
 ...          ...              ...               ...           ...   
 3328         yes               36               156            27   
 3329          no                0               231            39   
 3330          no                0               181            31   
 3331          no                0               214            36   
 3332         yes               25               234            40   
 
       desktop transactions  total product detail views  session duration  \
 0                       17                         110               197   
 1                       17                         123               196   
 2                       10                         114               121   
 3                        5                          71                62   
 4                       13                         113               148   
 ...                    ...                         ...               ...   
 3328                    18                          77               216   
 3329                    13                          57               153   
 3330                    25                         109               289   
 3331                    14                         105               160   
 3332                    23                         113               266   
 
       promotion clicks  avg order value  sale product views  \
 0                   87            244.7                  91   
 1                  103            254.4                 103   
 2                  110            162.6                 104   
 3                   88            196.9                  89   
 4                  122            186.9                 121   
 ...                ...              ...                 ...   
 3328               126            279.1                  83   
 3329                55            191.3                 123   
 3330                58            191.9                  91   
 3331                84            139.2                 137   
 3332                82            241.4                  77   
 
       discount rate per visited products  product detail view per app session  \
 0                                  11.01                                 10.0   
 1                                  11.45                                 13.7   
 2                                   7.32                                 12.2   
 3                                   8.86                                  6.6   
 4                                   8.41                                 10.1   
 ...                                  ...                                  ...   
 3328                               12.56                                  9.9   
 3329                                8.61                                  9.6   
 3330                                8.64                                 14.1   
 3331                                6.26                                  5.0   
 3332                               10.86                                 13.7   
 
       app transactions  add to cart per session  customer service calls  churn  
 0                    3                     2.70                       1      0  
 1                    3                     3.70                       1      0  
 2                    5                     3.29                       0      0  
 3                    7                     1.78                       2      0  
 4                    3                     2.73                       3      0  
 ...                ...                      ...                     ...    ...  
 3328                 6                     2.67                       2      0  
 3329                 4                     2.59                       3      0  
 3330                 6                     3.81                       2      0  
 3331                10                     1.35                       2      0  
 3332                 4                     3.70                       0      0  
 
 [3333 rows x 20 columns],
 'push status':       account length  location code  user id credit card info save  \
 0                128            415  3824657                    no   
 1                107            415  3717191                    no   
 2                137            415  3581921                    no   
 3                 84            408  3759999                   yes   
 4                 75            415  3306626                   yes   
 ...              ...            ...      ...                   ...   
 3328             192            415  4144276                    no   
 3329              68            415  3703271                    no   
 3330              28            510  3288230                    no   
 3331             184            510  3646381                   yes   
 3332              74            415  4004344                    no   
 
      push status  add to wishlist  desktop sessions  app sessions  \
 0            yes               25               265            45   
 1            yes               26               162            27   
 2             no                0               243            41   
 3             no                0               299            51   
 4             no                0               167            28   
 ...          ...              ...               ...           ...   
 3328         yes               36               156            27   
 3329          no                0               231            39   
 3330          no                0               181            31   
 3331          no                0               214            36   
 3332         yes               25               234            40   
 
       desktop transactions  total product detail views  session duration  \
 0                       17                         110               197   
 1                       17                         123               196   
 2                       10                         114               121   
 3                        5                          71                62   
 4                       13                         113               148   
 ...                    ...                         ...               ...   
 3328                    18                          77               216   
 3329                    13                          57               153   
 3330                    25                         109               289   
 3331                    14                         105               160   
 3332                    23                         113               266   
 
       promotion clicks  avg order value  sale product views  \
 0                   87            244.7                  91   
 1                  103            254.4                 103   
 2                  110            162.6                 104   
 3                   88            196.9                  89   
 4                  122            186.9                 121   
 ...                ...              ...                 ...   
 3328               126            279.1                  83   
 3329                55            191.3                 123   
 3330                58            191.9                  91   
 3331                84            139.2                 137   
 3332                82            241.4                  77   
 
       discount rate per visited products  product detail view per app session  \
 0                                  11.01                                 10.0   
 1                                  11.45                                 13.7   
 2                                   7.32                                 12.2   
 3                                   8.86                                  6.6   
 4                                   8.41                                 10.1   
 ...                                  ...                                  ...   
 3328                               12.56                                  9.9   
 3329                                8.61                                  9.6   
 3330                                8.64                                 14.1   
 3331                                6.26                                  5.0   
 3332                               10.86                                 13.7   
 
       app transactions  add to cart per session  customer service calls  churn  
 0                    3                     2.70                       1      0  
 1                    3                     3.70                       1      0  
 2                    5                     3.29                       0      0  
 3                    7                     1.78                       2      0  
 4                    3                     2.73                       3      0  
 ...                ...                      ...                     ...    ...  
 3328                 6                     2.67                       2      0  
 3329                 4                     2.59                       3      0  
 3330                 6                     3.81                       2      0  
 3331                10                     1.35                       2      0  
 3332                 4                     3.70                       0      0  
 
 [3333 rows x 20 columns],
 'add to wishlist':       account length  location code  user id credit card info save  \
 0                128            415  3824657                    no   
 1                107            415  3717191                    no   
 2                137            415  3581921                    no   
 3                 84            408  3759999                   yes   
 4                 75            415  3306626                   yes   
 ...              ...            ...      ...                   ...   
 3328             192            415  4144276                    no   
 3329              68            415  3703271                    no   
 3330              28            510  3288230                    no   
 3331             184            510  3646381                   yes   
 3332              74            415  4004344                    no   
 
      push status  add to wishlist  desktop sessions  app sessions  \
 0            yes               25               265            45   
 1            yes               26               162            27   
 2             no                0               243            41   
 3             no                0               299            51   
 4             no                0               167            28   
 ...          ...              ...               ...           ...   
 3328         yes               36               156            27   
 3329          no                0               231            39   
 3330          no                0               181            31   
 3331          no                0               214            36   
 3332         yes               25               234            40   
 
       desktop transactions  total product detail views  session duration  \
 0                       17                         110               197   
 1                       17                         123               196   
 2                       10                         114               121   
 3                        5                          71                62   
 4                       13                         113               148   
 ...                    ...                         ...               ...   
 3328                    18                          77               216   
 3329                    13                          57               153   
 3330                    25                         109               289   
 3331                    14                         105               160   
 3332                    23                         113               266   
 
       promotion clicks  avg order value  sale product views  \
 0                   87            244.7                  91   
 1                  103            254.4                 103   
 2                  110            162.6                 104   
 3                   88            196.9                  89   
 4                  122            186.9                 121   
 ...                ...              ...                 ...   
 3328               126            279.1                  83   
 3329                55            191.3                 123   
 3330                58            191.9                  91   
 3331                84            139.2                 137   
 3332                82            241.4                  77   
 
       discount rate per visited products  product detail view per app session  \
 0                                  11.01                                 10.0   
 1                                  11.45                                 13.7   
 2                                   7.32                                 12.2   
 3                                   8.86                                  6.6   
 4                                   8.41                                 10.1   
 ...                                  ...                                  ...   
 3328                               12.56                                  9.9   
 3329                                8.61                                  9.6   
 3330                                8.64                                 14.1   
 3331                                6.26                                  5.0   
 3332                               10.86                                 13.7   
 
       app transactions  add to cart per session  customer service calls  churn  
 0                    3                     2.70                       1      0  
 1                    3                     3.70                       1      0  
 2                    5                     3.29                       0      0  
 3                    7                     1.78                       2      0  
 4                    3                     2.73                       3      0  
 ...                ...                      ...                     ...    ...  
 3328                 6                     2.67                       2      0  
 3329                 4                     2.59                       3      0  
 3330                 6                     3.81                       2      0  
 3331                10                     1.35                       2      0  
 3332                 4                     3.70                       0      0  
 
 [3329 rows x 20 columns],
 'desktop sessions':       account length  location code  user id credit card info save  \
 0                128            415  3824657                    no   
 1                107            415  3717191                    no   
 2                137            415  3581921                    no   
 4                 75            415  3306626                   yes   
 5                118            510  3918027                   yes   
 ...              ...            ...      ...                   ...   
 3328             192            415  4144276                    no   
 3329              68            415  3703271                    no   
 3330              28            510  3288230                    no   
 3331             184            510  3646381                   yes   
 3332              74            415  4004344                    no   
 
      push status  add to wishlist  desktop sessions  app sessions  \
 0            yes               25               265            45   
 1            yes               26               162            27   
 2             no                0               243            41   
 4             no                0               167            28   
 5             no                0               223            38   
 ...          ...              ...               ...           ...   
 3328         yes               36               156            27   
 3329          no                0               231            39   
 3330          no                0               181            31   
 3331          no                0               214            36   
 3332         yes               25               234            40   
 
       desktop transactions  total product detail views  session duration  \
 0                       17                         110               197   
 1                       17                         123               196   
 2                       10                         114               121   
 4                       13                         113               148   
 5                       19                          98               221   
 ...                    ...                         ...               ...   
 3328                    18                          77               216   
 3329                    13                          57               153   
 3330                    25                         109               289   
 3331                    14                         105               160   
 3332                    23                         113               266   
 
       promotion clicks  avg order value  sale product views  \
 0                   87            244.7                  91   
 1                  103            254.4                 103   
 2                  110            162.6                 104   
 4                  122            186.9                 121   
 5                  101            203.9                 118   
 ...                ...              ...                 ...   
 3328               126            279.1                  83   
 3329                55            191.3                 123   
 3330                58            191.9                  91   
 3331                84            139.2                 137   
 3332                82            241.4                  77   
 
       discount rate per visited products  product detail view per app session  \
 0                                  11.01                                 10.0   
 1                                  11.45                                 13.7   
 2                                   7.32                                 12.2   
 4                                   8.41                                 10.1   
 5                                   9.18                                  6.3   
 ...                                  ...                                  ...   
 3328                               12.56                                  9.9   
 3329                                8.61                                  9.6   
 3330                                8.64                                 14.1   
 3331                                6.26                                  5.0   
 3332                               10.86                                 13.7   
 
       app transactions  add to cart per session  customer service calls  churn  
 0                    3                     2.70                       1      0  
 1                    3                     3.70                       1      0  
 2                    5                     3.29                       0      0  
 4                    3                     2.73                       3      0  
 5                    6                     1.70                       0      0  
 ...                ...                      ...                     ...    ...  
 3328                 6                     2.67                       2      0  
 3329                 4                     2.59                       3      0  
 3330                 6                     3.81                       2      0  
 3331                10                     1.35                       2      0  
 3332                 4                     3.70                       0      0  
 
 [3292 rows x 20 columns],
 'app sessions':       account length  location code  user id credit card info save  \
 0                128            415  3824657                    no   
 1                107            415  3717191                    no   
 2                137            415  3581921                    no   
 3                 84            408  3759999                   yes   
 4                 75            415  3306626                   yes   
 ...              ...            ...      ...                   ...   
 3328             192            415  4144276                    no   
 3329              68            415  3703271                    no   
 3330              28            510  3288230                    no   
 3331             184            510  3646381                   yes   
 3332              74            415  4004344                    no   
 
      push status  add to wishlist  desktop sessions  app sessions  \
 0            yes               25               265            45   
 1            yes               26               162            27   
 2             no                0               243            41   
 3             no                0               299            51   
 4             no                0               167            28   
 ...          ...              ...               ...           ...   
 3328         yes               36               156            27   
 3329          no                0               231            39   
 3330          no                0               181            31   
 3331          no                0               214            36   
 3332         yes               25               234            40   
 
       desktop transactions  total product detail views  session duration  \
 0                       17                         110               197   
 1                       17                         123               196   
 2                       10                         114               121   
 3                        5                          71                62   
 4                       13                         113               148   
 ...                    ...                         ...               ...   
 3328                    18                          77               216   
 3329                    13                          57               153   
 3330                    25                         109               289   
 3331                    14                         105               160   
 3332                    23                         113               266   
 
       promotion clicks  avg order value  sale product views  \
 0                   87            244.7                  91   
 1                  103            254.4                 103   
 2                  110            162.6                 104   
 3                   88            196.9                  89   
 4                  122            186.9                 121   
 ...                ...              ...                 ...   
 3328               126            279.1                  83   
 3329                55            191.3                 123   
 3330                58            191.9                  91   
 3331                84            139.2                 137   
 3332                82            241.4                  77   
 
       discount rate per visited products  product detail view per app session  \
 0                                  11.01                                 10.0   
 1                                  11.45                                 13.7   
 2                                   7.32                                 12.2   
 3                                   8.86                                  6.6   
 4                                   8.41                                 10.1   
 ...                                  ...                                  ...   
 3328                               12.56                                  9.9   
 3329                                8.61                                  9.6   
 3330                                8.64                                 14.1   
 3331                                6.26                                  5.0   
 3332                               10.86                                 13.7   
 
       app transactions  add to cart per session  customer service calls  churn  
 0                    3                     2.70                       1      0  
 1                    3                     3.70                       1      0  
 2                    5                     3.29                       0      0  
 3                    7                     1.78                       2      0  
 4                    3                     2.73                       3      0  
 ...                ...                      ...                     ...    ...  
 3328                 6                     2.67                       2      0  
 3329                 4                     2.59                       3      0  
 3330                 6                     3.81                       2      0  
 3331                10                     1.35                       2      0  
 3332                 4                     3.70                       0      0  
 
 [3330 rows x 20 columns],
 'desktop transactions':       account length  location code  user id credit card info save  \
 0                128            415  3824657                    no   
 1                107            415  3717191                    no   
 2                137            415  3581921                    no   
 3                 84            408  3759999                   yes   
 4                 75            415  3306626                   yes   
 ...              ...            ...      ...                   ...   
 3328             192            415  4144276                    no   
 3329              68            415  3703271                    no   
 3330              28            510  3288230                    no   
 3331             184            510  3646381                   yes   
 3332              74            415  4004344                    no   
 
      push status  add to wishlist  desktop sessions  app sessions  \
 0            yes               25               265            45   
 1            yes               26               162            27   
 2             no                0               243            41   
 3             no                0               299            51   
 4             no                0               167            28   
 ...          ...              ...               ...           ...   
 3328         yes               36               156            27   
 3329          no                0               231            39   
 3330          no                0               181            31   
 3331          no                0               214            36   
 3332         yes               25               234            40   
 
       desktop transactions  total product detail views  session duration  \
 0                       17                         110               197   
 1                       17                         123               196   
 2                       10                         114               121   
 3                        5                          71                62   
 4                       13                         113               148   
 ...                    ...                         ...               ...   
 3328                    18                          77               216   
 3329                    13                          57               153   
 3330                    25                         109               289   
 3331                    14                         105               160   
 3332                    23                         113               266   
 
       promotion clicks  avg order value  sale product views  \
 0                   87            244.7                  91   
 1                  103            254.4                 103   
 2                  110            162.6                 104   
 3                   88            196.9                  89   
 4                  122            186.9                 121   
 ...                ...              ...                 ...   
 3328               126            279.1                  83   
 3329                55            191.3                 123   
 3330                58            191.9                  91   
 3331                84            139.2                 137   
 3332                82            241.4                  77   
 
       discount rate per visited products  product detail view per app session  \
 0                                  11.01                                 10.0   
 1                                  11.45                                 13.7   
 2                                   7.32                                 12.2   
 3                                   8.86                                  6.6   
 4                                   8.41                                 10.1   
 ...                                  ...                                  ...   
 3328                               12.56                                  9.9   
 3329                                8.61                                  9.6   
 3330                                8.64                                 14.1   
 3331                                6.26                                  5.0   
 3332                               10.86                                 13.7   
 
       app transactions  add to cart per session  customer service calls  churn  
 0                    3                     2.70                       1      0  
 1                    3                     3.70                       1      0  
 2                    5                     3.29                       0      0  
 3                    7                     1.78                       2      0  
 4                    3                     2.73                       3      0  
 ...                ...                      ...                     ...    ...  
 3328                 6                     2.67                       2      0  
 3329                 4                     2.59                       3      0  
 3330                 6                     3.81                       2      0  
 3331                10                     1.35                       2      0  
 3332                 4                     3.70                       0      0  
 
 [3331 rows x 20 columns],
 'total product detail views':       account length  location code  user id credit card info save  \
 0                128            415  3824657                    no   
 1                107            415  3717191                    no   
 2                137            415  3581921                    no   
 3                 84            408  3759999                   yes   
 4                 75            415  3306626                   yes   
 ...              ...            ...      ...                   ...   
 3328             192            415  4144276                    no   
 3329              68            415  3703271                    no   
 3330              28            510  3288230                    no   
 3331             184            510  3646381                   yes   
 3332              74            415  4004344                    no   
 
      push status  add to wishlist  desktop sessions  app sessions  \
 0            yes               25               265            45   
 1            yes               26               162            27   
 2             no                0               243            41   
 3             no                0               299            51   
 4             no                0               167            28   
 ...          ...              ...               ...           ...   
 3328         yes               36               156            27   
 3329          no                0               231            39   
 3330          no                0               181            31   
 3331          no                0               214            36   
 3332         yes               25               234            40   
 
       desktop transactions  total product detail views  session duration  \
 0                       17                         110               197   
 1                       17                         123               196   
 2                       10                         114               121   
 3                        5                          71                62   
 4                       13                         113               148   
 ...                    ...                         ...               ...   
 3328                    18                          77               216   
 3329                    13                          57               153   
 3330                    25                         109               289   
 3331                    14                         105               160   
 3332                    23                         113               266   
 
       promotion clicks  avg order value  sale product views  \
 0                   87            244.7                  91   
 1                  103            254.4                 103   
 2                  110            162.6                 104   
 3                   88            196.9                  89   
 4                  122            186.9                 121   
 ...                ...              ...                 ...   
 3328               126            279.1                  83   
 3329                55            191.3                 123   
 3330                58            191.9                  91   
 3331                84            139.2                 137   
 3332                82            241.4                  77   
 
       discount rate per visited products  product detail view per app session  \
 0                                  11.01                                 10.0   
 1                                  11.45                                 13.7   
 2                                   7.32                                 12.2   
 3                                   8.86                                  6.6   
 4                                   8.41                                 10.1   
 ...                                  ...                                  ...   
 3328                               12.56                                  9.9   
 3329                                8.61                                  9.6   
 3330                                8.64                                 14.1   
 3331                                6.26                                  5.0   
 3332                               10.86                                 13.7   
 
       app transactions  add to cart per session  customer service calls  churn  
 0                    3                     2.70                       1      0  
 1                    3                     3.70                       1      0  
 2                    5                     3.29                       0      0  
 3                    7                     1.78                       2      0  
 4                    3                     2.73                       3      0  
 ...                ...                      ...                     ...    ...  
 3328                 6                     2.67                       2      0  
 3329                 4                     2.59                       3      0  
 3330                 6                     3.81                       2      0  
 3331                10                     1.35                       2      0  
 3332                 4                     3.70                       0      0  
 
 [3323 rows x 20 columns],
 'session duration':       account length  location code  user id credit card info save  \
 0                128            415  3824657                    no   
 1                107            415  3717191                    no   
 2                137            415  3581921                    no   
 4                 75            415  3306626                   yes   
 5                118            510  3918027                   yes   
 ...              ...            ...      ...                   ...   
 3328             192            415  4144276                    no   
 3329              68            415  3703271                    no   
 3330              28            510  3288230                    no   
 3331             184            510  3646381                   yes   
 3332              74            415  4004344                    no   
 
      push status  add to wishlist  desktop sessions  app sessions  \
 0            yes               25               265            45   
 1            yes               26               162            27   
 2             no                0               243            41   
 4             no                0               167            28   
 5             no                0               223            38   
 ...          ...              ...               ...           ...   
 3328         yes               36               156            27   
 3329          no                0               231            39   
 3330          no                0               181            31   
 3331          no                0               214            36   
 3332         yes               25               234            40   
 
       desktop transactions  total product detail views  session duration  \
 0                       17                         110               197   
 1                       17                         123               196   
 2                       10                         114               121   
 4                       13                         113               148   
 5                       19                          98               221   
 ...                    ...                         ...               ...   
 3328                    18                          77               216   
 3329                    13                          57               153   
 3330                    25                         109               289   
 3331                    14                         105               160   
 3332                    23                         113               266   
 
       promotion clicks  avg order value  sale product views  \
 0                   87            244.7                  91   
 1                  103            254.4                 103   
 2                  110            162.6                 104   
 4                  122            186.9                 121   
 5                  101            203.9                 118   
 ...                ...              ...                 ...   
 3328               126            279.1                  83   
 3329                55            191.3                 123   
 3330                58            191.9                  91   
 3331                84            139.2                 137   
 3332                82            241.4                  77   
 
       discount rate per visited products  product detail view per app session  \
 0                                  11.01                                 10.0   
 1                                  11.45                                 13.7   
 2                                   7.32                                 12.2   
 4                                   8.41                                 10.1   
 5                                   9.18                                  6.3   
 ...                                  ...                                  ...   
 3328                               12.56                                  9.9   
 3329                                8.61                                  9.6   
 3330                                8.64                                 14.1   
 3331                                6.26                                  5.0   
 3332                               10.86                                 13.7   
 
       app transactions  add to cart per session  customer service calls  churn  
 0                    3                     2.70                       1      0  
 1                    3                     3.70                       1      0  
 2                    5                     3.29                       0      0  
 4                    3                     2.73                       3      0  
 5                    6                     1.70                       0      0  
 ...                ...                      ...                     ...    ...  
 3328                 6                     2.67                       2      0  
 3329                 4                     2.59                       3      0  
 3330                 6                     3.81                       2      0  
 3331                10                     1.35                       2      0  
 3332                 4                     3.70                       0      0  
 
 [3283 rows x 20 columns],
 'promotion clicks':       account length  location code  user id credit card info save  \
 0                128            415  3824657                    no   
 1                107            415  3717191                    no   
 2                137            415  3581921                    no   
 3                 84            408  3759999                   yes   
 4                 75            415  3306626                   yes   
 ...              ...            ...      ...                   ...   
 3328             192            415  4144276                    no   
 3329              68            415  3703271                    no   
 3330              28            510  3288230                    no   
 3331             184            510  3646381                   yes   
 3332              74            415  4004344                    no   
 
      push status  add to wishlist  desktop sessions  app sessions  \
 0            yes               25               265            45   
 1            yes               26               162            27   
 2             no                0               243            41   
 3             no                0               299            51   
 4             no                0               167            28   
 ...          ...              ...               ...           ...   
 3328         yes               36               156            27   
 3329          no                0               231            39   
 3330          no                0               181            31   
 3331          no                0               214            36   
 3332         yes               25               234            40   
 
       desktop transactions  total product detail views  session duration  \
 0                       17                         110               197   
 1                       17                         123               196   
 2                       10                         114               121   
 3                        5                          71                62   
 4                       13                         113               148   
 ...                    ...                         ...               ...   
 3328                    18                          77               216   
 3329                    13                          57               153   
 3330                    25                         109               289   
 3331                    14                         105               160   
 3332                    23                         113               266   
 
       promotion clicks  avg order value  sale product views  \
 0                   87            244.7                  91   
 1                  103            254.4                 103   
 2                  110            162.6                 104   
 3                   88            196.9                  89   
 4                  122            186.9                 121   
 ...                ...              ...                 ...   
 3328               126            279.1                  83   
 3329                55            191.3                 123   
 3330                58            191.9                  91   
 3331                84            139.2                 137   
 3332                82            241.4                  77   
 
       discount rate per visited products  product detail view per app session  \
 0                                  11.01                                 10.0   
 1                                  11.45                                 13.7   
 2                                   7.32                                 12.2   
 3                                   8.86                                  6.6   
 4                                   8.41                                 10.1   
 ...                                  ...                                  ...   
 3328                               12.56                                  9.9   
 3329                                8.61                                  9.6   
 3330                                8.64                                 14.1   
 3331                                6.26                                  5.0   
 3332                               10.86                                 13.7   
 
       app transactions  add to cart per session  customer service calls  churn  
 0                    3                     2.70                       1      0  
 1                    3                     3.70                       1      0  
 2                    5                     3.29                       0      0  
 3                    7                     1.78                       2      0  
 4                    3                     2.73                       3      0  
 ...                ...                      ...                     ...    ...  
 3328                 6                     2.67                       2      0  
 3329                 4                     2.59                       3      0  
 3330                 6                     3.81                       2      0  
 3331                10                     1.35                       2      0  
 3332                 4                     3.70                       0      0  
 
 [3316 rows x 20 columns],
 'avg order value':       account length  location code  user id credit card info save  \
 0                128            415  3824657                    no   
 1                107            415  3717191                    no   
 2                137            415  3581921                    no   
 3                 84            408  3759999                   yes   
 4                 75            415  3306626                   yes   
 ...              ...            ...      ...                   ...   
 3327              79            415  3483830                    no   
 3329              68            415  3703271                    no   
 3330              28            510  3288230                    no   
 3331             184            510  3646381                   yes   
 3332              74            415  4004344                    no   
 
      push status  add to wishlist  desktop sessions  app sessions  \
 0            yes               25               265            45   
 1            yes               26               162            27   
 2             no                0               243            41   
 3             no                0               299            51   
 4             no                0               167            28   
 ...          ...              ...               ...           ...   
 3327          no                0               135            23   
 3329          no                0               231            39   
 3330          no                0               181            31   
 3331          no                0               214            36   
 3332         yes               25               234            40   
 
       desktop transactions  total product detail views  session duration  \
 0                       17                         110               197   
 1                       17                         123               196   
 2                       10                         114               121   
 3                        5                          71                62   
 4                       13                         113               148   
 ...                    ...                         ...               ...   
 3327                    16                          98               190   
 3329                    13                          57               153   
 3330                    25                         109               289   
 3331                    14                         105               160   
 3332                    23                         113               266   
 
       promotion clicks  avg order value  sale product views  \
 0                   87            244.7                  91   
 1                  103            254.4                 103   
 2                  110            162.6                 104   
 3                   88            196.9                  89   
 4                  122            186.9                 121   
 ...                ...              ...                 ...   
 3327                68            221.4                 128   
 3329                55            191.3                 123   
 3330                58            191.9                  91   
 3331                84            139.2                 137   
 3332                82            241.4                  77   
 
       discount rate per visited products  product detail view per app session  \
 0                                  11.01                                 10.0   
 1                                  11.45                                 13.7   
 2                                   7.32                                 12.2   
 3                                   8.86                                  6.6   
 4                                   8.41                                 10.1   
 ...                                  ...                                  ...   
 3327                                9.96                                 11.8   
 3329                                8.61                                  9.6   
 3330                                8.64                                 14.1   
 3331                                6.26                                  5.0   
 3332                               10.86                                 13.7   
 
       app transactions  add to cart per session  customer service calls  churn  
 0                    3                     2.70                       1      0  
 1                    3                     3.70                       1      0  
 2                    5                     3.29                       0      0  
 3                    7                     1.78                       2      0  
 4                    3                     2.73                       3      0  
 ...                ...                      ...                     ...    ...  
 3327                 5                     3.19                       2      0  
 3329                 4                     2.59                       3      0  
 3330                 6                     3.81                       2      0  
 3331                10                     1.35                       2      0  
 3332                 4                     3.70                       0      0  
 
 [2648 rows x 20 columns],
 'sale product views':       account length  location code  user id credit card info save  \
 0                128            415  3824657                    no   
 1                107            415  3717191                    no   
 2                137            415  3581921                    no   
 3                 84            408  3759999                   yes   
 4                 75            415  3306626                   yes   
 ...              ...            ...      ...                   ...   
 3328             192            415  4144276                    no   
 3329              68            415  3703271                    no   
 3330              28            510  3288230                    no   
 3331             184            510  3646381                   yes   
 3332              74            415  4004344                    no   
 
      push status  add to wishlist  desktop sessions  app sessions  \
 0            yes               25               265            45   
 1            yes               26               162            27   
 2             no                0               243            41   
 3             no                0               299            51   
 4             no                0               167            28   
 ...          ...              ...               ...           ...   
 3328         yes               36               156            27   
 3329          no                0               231            39   
 3330          no                0               181            31   
 3331          no                0               214            36   
 3332         yes               25               234            40   
 
       desktop transactions  total product detail views  session duration  \
 0                       17                         110               197   
 1                       17                         123               196   
 2                       10                         114               121   
 3                        5                          71                62   
 4                       13                         113               148   
 ...                    ...                         ...               ...   
 3328                    18                          77               216   
 3329                    13                          57               153   
 3330                    25                         109               289   
 3331                    14                         105               160   
 3332                    23                         113               266   
 
       promotion clicks  avg order value  sale product views  \
 0                   87            244.7                  91   
 1                  103            254.4                 103   
 2                  110            162.6                 104   
 3                   88            196.9                  89   
 4                  122            186.9                 121   
 ...                ...              ...                 ...   
 3328               126            279.1                  83   
 3329                55            191.3                 123   
 3330                58            191.9                  91   
 3331                84            139.2                 137   
 3332                82            241.4                  77   
 
       discount rate per visited products  product detail view per app session  \
 0                                  11.01                                 10.0   
 1                                  11.45                                 13.7   
 2                                   7.32                                 12.2   
 3                                   8.86                                  6.6   
 4                                   8.41                                 10.1   
 ...                                  ...                                  ...   
 3328                               12.56                                  9.9   
 3329                                8.61                                  9.6   
 3330                                8.64                                 14.1   
 3331                                6.26                                  5.0   
 3332                               10.86                                 13.7   
 
       app transactions  add to cart per session  customer service calls  churn  
 0                    3                     2.70                       1      0  
 1                    3                     3.70                       1      0  
 2                    5                     3.29                       0      0  
 3                    7                     1.78                       2      0  
 4                    3                     2.73                       3      0  
 ...                ...                      ...                     ...    ...  
 3328                 6                     2.67                       2      0  
 3329                 4                     2.59                       3      0  
 3330                 6                     3.81                       2      0  
 3331                10                     1.35                       2      0  
 3332                 4                     3.70                       0      0  
 
 [3322 rows x 20 columns],
 'discount rate per visited products':       account length  location code  user id credit card info save  \
 0                128            415  3824657                    no   
 1                107            415  3717191                    no   
 2                137            415  3581921                    no   
 3                 84            408  3759999                   yes   
 4                 75            415  3306626                   yes   
 ...              ...            ...      ...                   ...   
 3328             192            415  4144276                    no   
 3329              68            415  3703271                    no   
 3330              28            510  3288230                    no   
 3331             184            510  3646381                   yes   
 3332              74            415  4004344                    no   
 
      push status  add to wishlist  desktop sessions  app sessions  \
 0            yes               25               265            45   
 1            yes               26               162            27   
 2             no                0               243            41   
 3             no                0               299            51   
 4             no                0               167            28   
 ...          ...              ...               ...           ...   
 3328         yes               36               156            27   
 3329          no                0               231            39   
 3330          no                0               181            31   
 3331          no                0               214            36   
 3332         yes               25               234            40   
 
       desktop transactions  total product detail views  session duration  \
 0                       17                         110               197   
 1                       17                         123               196   
 2                       10                         114               121   
 3                        5                          71                62   
 4                       13                         113               148   
 ...                    ...                         ...               ...   
 3328                    18                          77               216   
 3329                    13                          57               153   
 3330                    25                         109               289   
 3331                    14                         105               160   
 3332                    23                         113               266   
 
       promotion clicks  avg order value  sale product views  \
 0                   87            244.7                  91   
 1                  103            254.4                 103   
 2                  110            162.6                 104   
 3                   88            196.9                  89   
 4                  122            186.9                 121   
 ...                ...              ...                 ...   
 3328               126            279.1                  83   
 3329                55            191.3                 123   
 3330                58            191.9                  91   
 3331                84            139.2                 137   
 3332                82            241.4                  77   
 
       discount rate per visited products  product detail view per app session  \
 0                                  11.01                                 10.0   
 1                                  11.45                                 13.7   
 2                                   7.32                                 12.2   
 3                                   8.86                                  6.6   
 4                                   8.41                                 10.1   
 ...                                  ...                                  ...   
 3328                               12.56                                  9.9   
 3329                                8.61                                  9.6   
 3330                                8.64                                 14.1   
 3331                                6.26                                  5.0   
 3332                               10.86                                 13.7   
 
       app transactions  add to cart per session  customer service calls  churn  
 0                    3                     2.70                       1      0  
 1                    3                     3.70                       1      0  
 2                    5                     3.29                       0      0  
 3                    7                     1.78                       2      0  
 4                    3                     2.73                       3      0  
 ...                ...                      ...                     ...    ...  
 3328                 6                     2.67                       2      0  
 3329                 4                     2.59                       3      0  
 3330                 6                     3.81                       2      0  
 3331                10                     1.35                       2      0  
 3332                 4                     3.70                       0      0  
 
 [3097 rows x 20 columns],
 'product detail view per app session':       account length  location code  user id credit card info save  \
 0                128            415  3824657                    no   
 1                107            415  3717191                    no   
 2                137            415  3581921                    no   
 3                 84            408  3759999                   yes   
 4                 75            415  3306626                   yes   
 ...              ...            ...      ...                   ...   
 3328             192            415  4144276                    no   
 3329              68            415  3703271                    no   
 3330              28            510  3288230                    no   
 3331             184            510  3646381                   yes   
 3332              74            415  4004344                    no   
 
      push status  add to wishlist  desktop sessions  app sessions  \
 0            yes               25               265            45   
 1            yes               26               162            27   
 2             no                0               243            41   
 3             no                0               299            51   
 4             no                0               167            28   
 ...          ...              ...               ...           ...   
 3328         yes               36               156            27   
 3329          no                0               231            39   
 3330          no                0               181            31   
 3331          no                0               214            36   
 3332         yes               25               234            40   
 
       desktop transactions  total product detail views  session duration  \
 0                       17                         110               197   
 1                       17                         123               196   
 2                       10                         114               121   
 3                        5                          71                62   
 4                       13                         113               148   
 ...                    ...                         ...               ...   
 3328                    18                          77               216   
 3329                    13                          57               153   
 3330                    25                         109               289   
 3331                    14                         105               160   
 3332                    23                         113               266   
 
       promotion clicks  avg order value  sale product views  \
 0                   87            244.7                  91   
 1                  103            254.4                 103   
 2                  110            162.6                 104   
 3                   88            196.9                  89   
 4                  122            186.9                 121   
 ...                ...              ...                 ...   
 3328               126            279.1                  83   
 3329                55            191.3                 123   
 3330                58            191.9                  91   
 3331                84            139.2                 137   
 3332                82            241.4                  77   
 
       discount rate per visited products  product detail view per app session  \
 0                                  11.01                                 10.0   
 1                                  11.45                                 13.7   
 2                                   7.32                                 12.2   
 3                                   8.86                                  6.6   
 4                                   8.41                                 10.1   
 ...                                  ...                                  ...   
 3328                               12.56                                  9.9   
 3329                                8.61                                  9.6   
 3330                                8.64                                 14.1   
 3331                                6.26                                  5.0   
 3332                               10.86                                 13.7   
 
       app transactions  add to cart per session  customer service calls  churn  
 0                    3                     2.70                       1      0  
 1                    3                     3.70                       1      0  
 2                    5                     3.29                       0      0  
 3                    7                     1.78                       2      0  
 4                    3                     2.73                       3      0  
 ...                ...                      ...                     ...    ...  
 3328                 6                     2.67                       2      0  
 3329                 4                     2.59                       3      0  
 3330                 6                     3.81                       2      0  
 3331                10                     1.35                       2      0  
 3332                 4                     3.70                       0      0  
 
 [3317 rows x 20 columns],
 'app transactions':       account length  location code  user id credit card info save  \
 0                128            415  3824657                    no   
 1                107            415  3717191                    no   
 2                137            415  3581921                    no   
 3                 84            408  3759999                   yes   
 4                 75            415  3306626                   yes   
 ...              ...            ...      ...                   ...   
 3328             192            415  4144276                    no   
 3329              68            415  3703271                    no   
 3330              28            510  3288230                    no   
 3331             184            510  3646381                   yes   
 3332              74            415  4004344                    no   
 
      push status  add to wishlist  desktop sessions  app sessions  \
 0            yes               25               265            45   
 1            yes               26               162            27   
 2             no                0               243            41   
 3             no                0               299            51   
 4             no                0               167            28   
 ...          ...              ...               ...           ...   
 3328         yes               36               156            27   
 3329          no                0               231            39   
 3330          no                0               181            31   
 3331          no                0               214            36   
 3332         yes               25               234            40   
 
       desktop transactions  total product detail views  session duration  \
 0                       17                         110               197   
 1                       17                         123               196   
 2                       10                         114               121   
 3                        5                          71                62   
 4                       13                         113               148   
 ...                    ...                         ...               ...   
 3328                    18                          77               216   
 3329                    13                          57               153   
 3330                    25                         109               289   
 3331                    14                         105               160   
 3332                    23                         113               266   
 
       promotion clicks  avg order value  sale product views  \
 0                   87            244.7                  91   
 1                  103            254.4                 103   
 2                  110            162.6                 104   
 3                   88            196.9                  89   
 4                  122            186.9                 121   
 ...                ...              ...                 ...   
 3328               126            279.1                  83   
 3329                55            191.3                 123   
 3330                58            191.9                  91   
 3331                84            139.2                 137   
 3332                82            241.4                  77   
 
       discount rate per visited products  product detail view per app session  \
 0                                  11.01                                 10.0   
 1                                  11.45                                 13.7   
 2                                   7.32                                 12.2   
 3                                   8.86                                  6.6   
 4                                   8.41                                 10.1   
 ...                                  ...                                  ...   
 3328                               12.56                                  9.9   
 3329                                8.61                                  9.6   
 3330                                8.64                                 14.1   
 3331                                6.26                                  5.0   
 3332                               10.86                                 13.7   
 
       app transactions  add to cart per session  customer service calls  churn  
 0                    3                     2.70                       1      0  
 1                    3                     3.70                       1      0  
 2                    5                     3.29                       0      0  
 3                    7                     1.78                       2      0  
 4                    3                     2.73                       3      0  
 ...                ...                      ...                     ...    ...  
 3328                 6                     2.67                       2      0  
 3329                 4                     2.59                       3      0  
 3330                 6                     3.81                       2      0  
 3331                10                     1.35                       2      0  
 3332                 4                     3.70                       0      0  
 
 [3330 rows x 20 columns],
 'add to cart per session':       account length  location code  user id credit card info save  \
 0                128            415  3824657                    no   
 1                107            415  3717191                    no   
 2                137            415  3581921                    no   
 3                 84            408  3759999                   yes   
 4                 75            415  3306626                   yes   
 ...              ...            ...      ...                   ...   
 3328             192            415  4144276                    no   
 3329              68            415  3703271                    no   
 3330              28            510  3288230                    no   
 3331             184            510  3646381                   yes   
 3332              74            415  4004344                    no   
 
      push status  add to wishlist  desktop sessions  app sessions  \
 0            yes               25               265            45   
 1            yes               26               162            27   
 2             no                0               243            41   
 3             no                0               299            51   
 4             no                0               167            28   
 ...          ...              ...               ...           ...   
 3328         yes               36               156            27   
 3329          no                0               231            39   
 3330          no                0               181            31   
 3331          no                0               214            36   
 3332         yes               25               234            40   
 
       desktop transactions  total product detail views  session duration  \
 0                       17                         110               197   
 1                       17                         123               196   
 2                       10                         114               121   
 3                        5                          71                62   
 4                       13                         113               148   
 ...                    ...                         ...               ...   
 3328                    18                          77               216   
 3329                    13                          57               153   
 3330                    25                         109               289   
 3331                    14                         105               160   
 3332                    23                         113               266   
 
       promotion clicks  avg order value  sale product views  \
 0                   87            244.7                  91   
 1                  103            254.4                 103   
 2                  110            162.6                 104   
 3                   88            196.9                  89   
 4                  122            186.9                 121   
 ...                ...              ...                 ...   
 3328               126            279.1                  83   
 3329                55            191.3                 123   
 3330                58            191.9                  91   
 3331                84            139.2                 137   
 3332                82            241.4                  77   
 
       discount rate per visited products  product detail view per app session  \
 0                                  11.01                                 10.0   
 1                                  11.45                                 13.7   
 2                                   7.32                                 12.2   
 3                                   8.86                                  6.6   
 4                                   8.41                                 10.1   
 ...                                  ...                                  ...   
 3328                               12.56                                  9.9   
 3329                                8.61                                  9.6   
 3330                                8.64                                 14.1   
 3331                                6.26                                  5.0   
 3332                               10.86                                 13.7   
 
       app transactions  add to cart per session  customer service calls  churn  
 0                    3                     2.70                       1      0  
 1                    3                     3.70                       1      0  
 2                    5                     3.29                       0      0  
 3                    7                     1.78                       2      0  
 4                    3                     2.73                       3      0  
 ...                ...                      ...                     ...    ...  
 3328                 6                     2.67                       2      0  
 3329                 4                     2.59                       3      0  
 3330                 6                     3.81                       2      0  
 3331                10                     1.35                       2      0  
 3332                 4                     3.70                       0      0  
 
 [3317 rows x 20 columns],
 'customer service calls':       account length  location code  user id credit card info save  \
 0                128            415  3824657                    no   
 1                107            415  3717191                    no   
 2                137            415  3581921                    no   
 3                 84            408  3759999                   yes   
 4                 75            415  3306626                   yes   
 ...              ...            ...      ...                   ...   
 3328             192            415  4144276                    no   
 3329              68            415  3703271                    no   
 3330              28            510  3288230                    no   
 3331             184            510  3646381                   yes   
 3332              74            415  4004344                    no   
 
      push status  add to wishlist  desktop sessions  app sessions  \
 0            yes               25               265            45   
 1            yes               26               162            27   
 2             no                0               243            41   
 3             no                0               299            51   
 4             no                0               167            28   
 ...          ...              ...               ...           ...   
 3328         yes               36               156            27   
 3329          no                0               231            39   
 3330          no                0               181            31   
 3331          no                0               214            36   
 3332         yes               25               234            40   
 
       desktop transactions  total product detail views  session duration  \
 0                       17                         110               197   
 1                       17                         123               196   
 2                       10                         114               121   
 3                        5                          71                62   
 4                       13                         113               148   
 ...                    ...                         ...               ...   
 3328                    18                          77               216   
 3329                    13                          57               153   
 3330                    25                         109               289   
 3331                    14                         105               160   
 3332                    23                         113               266   
 
       promotion clicks  avg order value  sale product views  \
 0                   87            244.7                  91   
 1                  103            254.4                 103   
 2                  110            162.6                 104   
 3                   88            196.9                  89   
 4                  122            186.9                 121   
 ...                ...              ...                 ...   
 3328               126            279.1                  83   
 3329                55            191.3                 123   
 3330                58            191.9                  91   
 3331                84            139.2                 137   
 3332                82            241.4                  77   
 
       discount rate per visited products  product detail view per app session  \
 0                                  11.01                                 10.0   
 1                                  11.45                                 13.7   
 2                                   7.32                                 12.2   
 3                                   8.86                                  6.6   
 4                                   8.41                                 10.1   
 ...                                  ...                                  ...   
 3328                               12.56                                  9.9   
 3329                                8.61                                  9.6   
 3330                                8.64                                 14.1   
 3331                                6.26                                  5.0   
 3332                               10.86                                 13.7   
 
       app transactions  add to cart per session  customer service calls  churn  
 0                    3                     2.70                       1      0  
 1                    3                     3.70                       1      0  
 2                    5                     3.29                       0      0  
 3                    7                     1.78                       2      0  
 4                    3                     2.73                       3      0  
 ...                ...                      ...                     ...    ...  
 3328                 6                     2.67                       2      0  
 3329                 4                     2.59                       3      0  
 3330                 6                     3.81                       2      0  
 3331                10                     1.35                       2      0  
 3332                 4                     3.70                       0      0  
 
 [3333 rows x 20 columns],
 'churn':       account length  location code  user id credit card info save  \
 0                128            415  3824657                    no   
 1                107            415  3717191                    no   
 2                137            415  3581921                    no   
 3                 84            408  3759999                   yes   
 4                 75            415  3306626                   yes   
 ...              ...            ...      ...                   ...   
 3328             192            415  4144276                    no   
 3329              68            415  3703271                    no   
 3330              28            510  3288230                    no   
 3331             184            510  3646381                   yes   
 3332              74            415  4004344                    no   
 
      push status  add to wishlist  desktop sessions  app sessions  \
 0            yes               25               265            45   
 1            yes               26               162            27   
 2             no                0               243            41   
 3             no                0               299            51   
 4             no                0               167            28   
 ...          ...              ...               ...           ...   
 3328         yes               36               156            27   
 3329          no                0               231            39   
 3330          no                0               181            31   
 3331          no                0               214            36   
 3332         yes               25               234            40   
 
       desktop transactions  total product detail views  session duration  \
 0                       17                         110               197   
 1                       17                         123               196   
 2                       10                         114               121   
 3                        5                          71                62   
 4                       13                         113               148   
 ...                    ...                         ...               ...   
 3328                    18                          77               216   
 3329                    13                          57               153   
 3330                    25                         109               289   
 3331                    14                         105               160   
 3332                    23                         113               266   
 
       promotion clicks  avg order value  sale product views  \
 0                   87            244.7                  91   
 1                  103            254.4                 103   
 2                  110            162.6                 104   
 3                   88            196.9                  89   
 4                  122            186.9                 121   
 ...                ...              ...                 ...   
 3328               126            279.1                  83   
 3329                55            191.3                 123   
 3330                58            191.9                  91   
 3331                84            139.2                 137   
 3332                82            241.4                  77   
 
       discount rate per visited products  product detail view per app session  \
 0                                  11.01                                 10.0   
 1                                  11.45                                 13.7   
 2                                   7.32                                 12.2   
 3                                   8.86                                  6.6   
 4                                   8.41                                 10.1   
 ...                                  ...                                  ...   
 3328                               12.56                                  9.9   
 3329                                8.61                                  9.6   
 3330                                8.64                                 14.1   
 3331                                6.26                                  5.0   
 3332                               10.86                                 13.7   
 
       app transactions  add to cart per session  customer service calls  churn  
 0                    3                     2.70                       1      0  
 1                    3                     3.70                       1      0  
 2                    5                     3.29                       0      0  
 3                    7                     1.78                       2      0  
 4                    3                     2.73                       3      0  
 ...                ...                      ...                     ...    ...  
 3328                 6                     2.67                       2      0  
 3329                 4                     2.59                       3      0  
 3330                 6                     3.81                       2      0  
 3331                10                     1.35                       2      0  
 3332                 4                     3.70                       0      0  
 
 [3333 rows x 20 columns]}
In [ ]:

Step-5 Search Outliers¶

In [ ]:
In [ ]:
In [22]:
# # Define the column for which you want to identify outliers
# column_name = 'desktop transactions'

# # Calculate quartiles
# Q1 = df_customer[column_name].quantile(0.25)
# Q3 = df_customer[column_name].quantile(0.75)

# # Calculate IQR
# IQR = Q3 - Q1

# # Define lower and upper bounds for potential outliers
# lower_bound = Q1 - 1.5 * IQR
# upper_bound = Q3 + 1.5 * IQR

# for column_name in df_customer.columns:
#     # Identify potential outliers
#     potential_outliers = df_customer[column_name][(df_customer[column_name] < lower_bound) | (df_customer[column_name] > upper_bound)]

#     # Display potential outliers
#     print(f'{column_name}: Number of potential outliers:   {potential_outliers}')
In [23]:
#plt.figure(figsize=(8, 6))


#numeric_columns = df_customer.select_dtypes(include=['int64', 'float64'])

fig = px.box(df_customer, y=df_customer['app transactions'], title=f'Box Plot of App Transactions', color_discrete_sequence=['blue'])
fig.update_layout(width=700, height=450)  


fig.show()
In [24]:
for column in df_customer.columns:
    fig = px.box(df_customer, y=df_customer[column], title=f'Box Plot of {column}', color_discrete_sequence=['blue'])
    fig.update_layout(width=700, height=450)  


    fig.show()
In [25]:
for column in df_customer.columns:
    plt.figure(figsize=(8, 6))  # Set the figure size
    plt.hist(df_customer[column], bins=10, color='skyblue', edgecolor='black')  # Adjust the number of bins as needed
    plt.title(f'Histogram of {column}')
    plt.xlabel(column)
    plt.ylabel('Frequency')
    plt.grid(axis='y', alpha=0.75)
    plt.show()

Step-7 Conclusions based on visualisations¶

All of the numerical variables in the dataset has outliers from a statistical point of view. What is apparent is that all of the outliers represent natural variations as in e-commerce we expect such variations, making the outliers "True outliers". If we had Outliers that we believe them to be data errors we could always use techniques such as removing all data points that are < Q1 - 1.5(IQR) and > Q3 +1.5(IQR) or removing data points that are 3 standard deviations below or above mean

The deviation from the IQR can be ignored in case of e-commerce data since the customers can browse through the website and decide not to add anything to the cart, while some customers on the same hand will add multiple products to the cart, it is highly dependant on the type of customer we are dealing with and hence can have huge variations in the behaviour.

In [26]:
# def remove_outliers_std(df_customer, feature):
#     mean = df_customer[feature].mean()
#     std = df_customer[feature].std()
#     lower_bound = mean - 3 * std
#     upper_bound = mean + 3 * std
#     df_customer = df_customer[(df_customer[feature] >= lower_bound) & (df_customer[feature] <= upper_bound)]
#     return df_customer
 
# # Remove outliers for each feature using standard deviation
# for feature in df_customer.columns:
#     df_customer = remove_outliers_std(df_customer, feature)
 
# # Print the updated dataset without outliers
# print(df_customer)
In [27]:
churn_count = (df_customer['churn'] == 1).sum()
no_churn_count = (df_customer['churn'] == 0).sum()

 


labels = 'Customers Left', 'Customers Stayed'
sizes = [churn_count, no_churn_count]

 

colors_given = ['#FF4433', '#66B3FF']

 

explode = (0.1, 0)  # Pull apart the first slice (Customer Left) by 10%

 

fig, ax = plt.subplots()

 

ax.pie(sizes, labels=labels, autopct='%1.1f%%', startangle=90, wedgeprops={'edgecolor': 'black'}, colors=colors_given, explode=explode)

 

ax.axis('equal')

 

legend_labels = ['Customers Left', 'Customers Stayed']

 

legend = ax.legend(legend_labels, title="", loc="center left", bbox_to_anchor=(1.1, 1))
legend.get_frame().set_edgecolor('black')

 

plt.title('Churn Analysis', fontweight='bold')

 

plt.show()
In [28]:
result = df_customer['app transactions'].value_counts().reset_index()
result.columns = ['app transactions', 'user_count']

# Display the result
print(result)

    app transactions  user_count
0                  3         668
1                  4         619
2                  2         489
3                  5         472
4                  6         336
5                  7         218
6                  1         160
7                  8         116
8                  9         109
9                 10          50
10                11          28
11                 0          18
12                12          15
13                13          14
14                15           7
15                14           6
16                18           3
17                16           2
18                19           1
19                20           1
20                17           1
In [29]:
 colors = ['blue', 'green', 'red', 'purple']  

plt.bar(result['app transactions'], result['user_count'], color=colors)
plt.xlabel('App Transaction')
plt.ylabel('User Count')
plt.title('User Count for Each App Transaction')
plt.show()
In [30]:
cc_info_saved = (df_customer['credit card info save'] == 'yes').sum()
cc_info_not_saved = (df_customer['credit card info save'] =='no').sum()

 


labels = 'Customers Credit Card Info Saved', 'Customers Credit Card Info Not Saved'
sizes = [cc_info_saved, cc_info_not_saved]

 

colors_given = ['#FF4433', '#66B3FF']

 

explode = (0.1, 0)  # Pull apart the first slice (Customer Left) by 10%

 

fig, ax = plt.subplots()

 

ax.pie(sizes, labels=labels, autopct='%1.1f%%', startangle=90, wedgeprops={'edgecolor': 'black'}, colors=colors_given, explode=explode)

 

ax.axis('equal')

 

legend_labels = ['Customers Credit Card Info Saved', 'Customers Credit Card Info Not Saved']

 

legend = ax.legend(legend_labels, title="", loc="center left", bbox_to_anchor=(1.1, 1))
legend.get_frame().set_edgecolor('black')

 

plt.title('Credit card info Analysis', fontweight='bold')

 

plt.show()

Images from PowerBI¶

1. Churn Analysis¶

2. Number of customers left on the basis of location code¶

3. Number of app transactions per customers vs Churn¶

4. Credit card info saved vs Churn¶

Number of Customer Service Call Per Customer vs Churn¶

Step-8 Analysis of the Dependent variable (Churn) vs Idependent variables¶

In [31]:
id_col = ['user id']
target_col = ['churn']
In [32]:
cat_cols = df_customer.nunique()[df_customer.nunique()<4].keys().tolist()
In [33]:
cat_cols
Out[33]:
['location code', 'credit card info save', 'push status', 'churn']
In [34]:
cat_cols = [x for x in cat_cols if x not in target_col]
num_cols = [x for x in df_customer.columns if x not in cat_cols + id_col + target_col]
In [35]:
num_cols
Out[35]:
['account length',
 'add to wishlist',
 'desktop sessions',
 'app sessions',
 'desktop transactions',
 'total product detail views',
 'session duration',
 'promotion clicks',
 'avg order value',
 'sale product views',
 'discount rate per visited products',
 'product detail view per app session',
 'app transactions',
 'add to cart per session',
 'customer service calls']

We will use MinMaxScaler for numerical columns and Label Encoding for Categorical columns¶¶

In [36]:
scaler = MinMaxScaler()
scaler.fit(df_customer[num_cols])
df_customer[num_cols] = scaler.transform(df_customer[num_cols])
In [37]:
df_customer.head(20).T
Out[37]:
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
account length 0.524793 0.438017 0.561983 0.342975 0.305785 0.483471 0.495868 0.603306 0.479339 0.578512 0.264463 0.301653 0.690083 0.38843 0.252066 0.661157 0.347107 0.380165 0.309917 0.297521
location code 415 415 415 408 415 510 510 415 408 415 415 415 408 510 415 415 408 510 510 415
user id 3824657 3717191 3581921 3759999 3306626 3918027 3559993 3299001 3354719 3308173 3296603 3449403 3631107 3948006 3669238 3517269 3508884 3862923 3562992 3732782
credit card info save no no no yes yes yes no yes no yes no no no no no no no no no no
push status yes yes no no no no yes no no yes no no no no no no yes no yes no
add to wishlist 0.490196 0.509804 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.470588 0.0 0.0 0.72549 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.529412 0.0 0.647059 0.0
desktop sessions 0.754986 0.461538 0.692308 0.851852 0.475783 0.635328 0.621083 0.447293 0.527066 0.737892 0.367521 0.535613 0.367521 0.447293 0.344729 0.948718 0.558405 0.54416 0.541311 0.638177
app sessions 0.75 0.45 0.683333 0.85 0.466667 0.633333 0.616667 0.45 0.516667 0.733333 0.366667 0.533333 0.366667 0.45 0.35 0.95 0.55 0.533333 0.533333 0.633333
desktop transactions 0.548387 0.548387 0.322581 0.16129 0.419355 0.612903 0.967742 0.290323 0.967742 0.612903 0.612903 0.451613 0.290323 0.677419 0.83871 0.870968 0.774194 0.612903 0.580645 0.451613
total product detail views 0.666667 0.745455 0.690909 0.430303 0.684848 0.593939 0.533333 0.478788 0.587879 0.509091 0.830303 0.769697 0.581818 0.533333 0.424242 0.406061 0.842424 0.690909 0.4 0.545455
session duration 0.541209 0.538462 0.332418 0.17033 0.406593 0.607143 0.958791 0.282967 0.967033 0.60989 0.629121 0.447802 0.288462 0.681319 0.843407 0.873626 0.771978 0.598901 0.585165 0.43956
promotion clicks 0.511765 0.605882 0.647059 0.517647 0.717647 0.594118 0.635294 0.552941 0.470588 0.652941 0.488235 0.870588 0.417647 0.441176 0.447059 0.570588 0.529412 0.652941 0.382353 0.517647
avg order value 0.59575 0.62184 0.374933 0.467187 0.44029 0.486014 0.509414 0.507262 0.51802 0.815492 0.499193 0.464766 0.317106 0.454814 0.483593 0.369554 0.177784 0.286175 0.383271 0.456159
sale product views 0.408451 0.492958 0.5 0.394366 0.619718 0.598592 0.598592 0.443662 0.401408 0.450704 0.549296 0.429577 0.669014 0.577465 0.464789 0.669014 0.295775 0.619718 0.528169 0.288732
discount rate per visited products 0.595935 0.622236 0.375374 0.467424 0.440526 0.486551 0.509863 0.507472 0.518231 0.8159 0.499701 0.465033 0.317394 0.454871 0.48416 0.369994 0.178123 0.286312 0.383742 0.456665
product detail view per app session 0.5 0.685 0.61 0.33 0.505 0.315 0.375 0.355 0.435 0.56 0.635 0.455 0.56 0.615 0.655 0.27 0.69 0.405 0.5 0.65
app transactions 0.15 0.15 0.25 0.35 0.15 0.3 0.35 0.3 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.25 0.1 0.25 0.3 0.45 0.2 0.15 0.25 0.1
add to cart per session 0.5 0.685185 0.609259 0.32963 0.505556 0.314815 0.375926 0.355556 0.435185 0.559259 0.635185 0.455556 0.559259 0.614815 0.655556 0.27037 0.690741 0.405556 0.5 0.65
customer service calls 0.111111 0.111111 0.0 0.222222 0.333333 0.0 0.333333 0.0 0.111111 0.0 0.444444 0.0 0.111111 0.333333 0.444444 0.444444 0.111111 0.333333 0.111111 0.111111
churn 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
In [38]:
label_encoder = LabelEncoder()
In [39]:
df_customer[cat_cols]=df_customer[cat_cols].apply(LabelEncoder().fit_transform)
In [40]:
df_customer.head(20).T
Out[40]:
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
account length 5.247934e-01 4.380165e-01 5.619835e-01 3.429752e-01 3.057851e-01 4.834711e-01 4.958678e-01 6.033058e-01 4.793388e-01 5.785124e-01 2.644628e-01 3.016529e-01 6.900826e-01 3.884298e-01 2.520661e-01 6.611570e-01 3.471074e-01 3.801653e-01 3.099174e-01 2.975207e-01
location code 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 1.000000e+00 2.000000e+00 2.000000e+00 1.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 2.000000e+00 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 2.000000e+00 2.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
user id 3.824657e+06 3.717191e+06 3.581921e+06 3.759999e+06 3.306626e+06 3.918027e+06 3.559993e+06 3.299001e+06 3.354719e+06 3.308173e+06 3.296603e+06 3.449403e+06 3.631107e+06 3.948006e+06 3.669238e+06 3.517269e+06 3.508884e+06 3.862923e+06 3.562992e+06 3.732782e+06
credit card info save 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 1.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 1.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00
push status 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 1.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 1.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 1.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 1.000000e+00 0.000000e+00
add to wishlist 4.901961e-01 5.098039e-01 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 4.705882e-01 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 7.254902e-01 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 5.294118e-01 0.000000e+00 6.470588e-01 0.000000e+00
desktop sessions 7.549858e-01 4.615385e-01 6.923077e-01 8.518519e-01 4.757835e-01 6.353276e-01 6.210826e-01 4.472934e-01 5.270655e-01 7.378917e-01 3.675214e-01 5.356125e-01 3.675214e-01 4.472934e-01 3.447293e-01 9.487179e-01 5.584046e-01 5.441595e-01 5.413105e-01 6.381766e-01
app sessions 7.500000e-01 4.500000e-01 6.833333e-01 8.500000e-01 4.666667e-01 6.333333e-01 6.166667e-01 4.500000e-01 5.166667e-01 7.333333e-01 3.666667e-01 5.333333e-01 3.666667e-01 4.500000e-01 3.500000e-01 9.500000e-01 5.500000e-01 5.333333e-01 5.333333e-01 6.333333e-01
desktop transactions 5.483871e-01 5.483871e-01 3.225806e-01 1.612903e-01 4.193548e-01 6.129032e-01 9.677419e-01 2.903226e-01 9.677419e-01 6.129032e-01 6.129032e-01 4.516129e-01 2.903226e-01 6.774194e-01 8.387097e-01 8.709677e-01 7.741935e-01 6.129032e-01 5.806452e-01 4.516129e-01
total product detail views 6.666667e-01 7.454545e-01 6.909091e-01 4.303030e-01 6.848485e-01 5.939394e-01 5.333333e-01 4.787879e-01 5.878788e-01 5.090909e-01 8.303030e-01 7.696970e-01 5.818182e-01 5.333333e-01 4.242424e-01 4.060606e-01 8.424242e-01 6.909091e-01 4.000000e-01 5.454545e-01
session duration 5.412088e-01 5.384615e-01 3.324176e-01 1.703297e-01 4.065934e-01 6.071429e-01 9.587912e-01 2.829670e-01 9.670330e-01 6.098901e-01 6.291209e-01 4.478022e-01 2.884615e-01 6.813187e-01 8.434066e-01 8.736264e-01 7.719780e-01 5.989011e-01 5.851648e-01 4.395604e-01
promotion clicks 5.117647e-01 6.058824e-01 6.470588e-01 5.176471e-01 7.176471e-01 5.941176e-01 6.352941e-01 5.529412e-01 4.705882e-01 6.529412e-01 4.882353e-01 8.705882e-01 4.176471e-01 4.411765e-01 4.470588e-01 5.705882e-01 5.294118e-01 6.529412e-01 3.823529e-01 5.176471e-01
avg order value 5.957504e-01 6.218397e-01 3.749328e-01 4.671867e-01 4.402905e-01 4.860140e-01 5.094137e-01 5.072620e-01 5.180204e-01 8.154922e-01 4.991931e-01 4.647660e-01 3.171060e-01 4.548144e-01 4.835933e-01 3.695535e-01 1.777838e-01 2.861754e-01 3.832706e-01 4.561592e-01
sale product views 4.084507e-01 4.929577e-01 5.000000e-01 3.943662e-01 6.197183e-01 5.985915e-01 5.985915e-01 4.436620e-01 4.014085e-01 4.507042e-01 5.492958e-01 4.295775e-01 6.690141e-01 5.774648e-01 4.647887e-01 6.690141e-01 2.957746e-01 6.197183e-01 5.281690e-01 2.887324e-01
discount rate per visited products 5.959354e-01 6.222355e-01 3.753736e-01 4.674238e-01 4.405260e-01 4.865511e-01 5.098625e-01 5.074716e-01 5.182307e-01 8.158996e-01 4.997011e-01 4.650329e-01 3.173939e-01 4.548715e-01 4.841602e-01 3.699940e-01 1.781231e-01 2.863120e-01 3.837418e-01 4.566647e-01
product detail view per app session 5.000000e-01 6.850000e-01 6.100000e-01 3.300000e-01 5.050000e-01 3.150000e-01 3.750000e-01 3.550000e-01 4.350000e-01 5.600000e-01 6.350000e-01 4.550000e-01 5.600000e-01 6.150000e-01 6.550000e-01 2.700000e-01 6.900000e-01 4.050000e-01 5.000000e-01 6.500000e-01
app transactions 1.500000e-01 1.500000e-01 2.500000e-01 3.500000e-01 1.500000e-01 3.000000e-01 3.500000e-01 3.000000e-01 2.000000e-01 2.500000e-01 3.000000e-01 2.500000e-01 1.000000e-01 2.500000e-01 3.000000e-01 4.500000e-01 2.000000e-01 1.500000e-01 2.500000e-01 1.000000e-01
add to cart per session 5.000000e-01 6.851852e-01 6.092593e-01 3.296296e-01 5.055556e-01 3.148148e-01 3.759259e-01 3.555556e-01 4.351852e-01 5.592593e-01 6.351852e-01 4.555556e-01 5.592593e-01 6.148148e-01 6.555556e-01 2.703704e-01 6.907407e-01 4.055556e-01 5.000000e-01 6.500000e-01
customer service calls 1.111111e-01 1.111111e-01 0.000000e+00 2.222222e-01 3.333333e-01 0.000000e+00 3.333333e-01 0.000000e+00 1.111111e-01 0.000000e+00 4.444444e-01 0.000000e+00 1.111111e-01 3.333333e-01 4.444444e-01 4.444444e-01 1.111111e-01 3.333333e-01 1.111111e-01 1.111111e-01
churn 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 1.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 1.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00
In [41]:
X = df_customer.drop(target_col,axis=1)
y=df_customer[target_col]
In [42]:
print(X.shape,y.shape)

(3333, 19) (3333, 1)

Splitting Data set into Training and Testing¶

In [43]:
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.20)

Model-1 Logistic Regression¶

In [44]:
lr = LogisticRegression()
lr.fit(X_train,y_train)
validation_predictions = lr.predict(X_test)
validation_e = accuracy_score(y_test,validation_predictions)
print(f"Accuracy {validation_e*100:.2f}% correct")

lr.predict_proba(X_test)

df_predict = pd.DataFrame(lr.predict_proba(X_test),columns=['Churn','No Churn',])
df_predict['prediction'] = lr.predict(X_test)
print(df_predict)



ax = plt.axes()
df_cm = confusion_matrix(y_test,validation_predictions)
tp, fp, fn, tn = df_cm.ravel()
precision = tp / (tp + fp)
recall = tp / (tp + fn)

# Calculate the F1-score
f1 = 2 * (precision * recall) / (precision + recall)

print(f"F1-Score: {f1 * 100:.2f}%")
print(f"Precision-Score: {precision * 100:.2f}%")
print(f"Recall-Score: {recall * 100:.2f}%")

sns.heatmap(df_cm, annot=True, annot_kws={"size": 20}, fmt='d',cmap="Blues", ax = ax )
ax.set_title('Confusion Matrix')
plt.show()

Accuracy 84.86% correct
        Churn  No Churn  prediction
0    0.852772  0.147228           0
1    0.862889  0.137111           0
2    0.850183  0.149817           0
3    0.840457  0.159543           0
4    0.859420  0.140580           0
..        ...       ...         ...
662  0.875379  0.124621           0
663  0.835533  0.164467           0
664  0.860065  0.139935           0
665  0.869321  0.130679           0
666  0.858233  0.141767           0

[667 rows x 3 columns]
F1-Score: 91.81%
Precision-Score: 100.00%
Recall-Score: 84.86%

C:\Users\visha\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\sklearn\utils\validation.py:993: DataConversionWarning:

A column-vector y was passed when a 1d array was expected. Please change the shape of y to (n_samples, ), for example using ravel().

Model-2 Decision Tree¶

In [46]:
dt = DecisionTreeClassifier()
dt_model = dt.fit(X_train,y_train)
y_pred_dt = dt.predict(X_test)
accuracy = accuracy_score(y_test, y_pred_dt)
precision = precision_score(y_test, y_pred_dt, average='weighted')
f1 = f1_score(y_test, y_pred_dt)
recall_dt = recall_score(y_test,y_pred_dt)
print(f"F1-Score: {f1*100:.2f}% correct")
print(f"Accuracy: {accuracy*100:.2f}% correct")
print(f"Precision: {precision*100:.2f}% correct")
print(f"Recall: {recall_dt*100:.2f}% correct")


ax = plt.axes()
df_cm = confusion_matrix(y_test,y_pred_dt)
sns.heatmap(df_cm, annot=True, annot_kws={"size": 20}, fmt='d',cmap="Blues", ax = ax )
ax.set_title('Confusion Matrix')
plt.xlabel('Predicted')
plt.ylabel('Actual')
plt.title('Confusion Matrix')
plt.show()

F1-Score: 62.83% correct
Accuracy: 89.36% correct
Precision: 88.92% correct
Recall: 59.41% correct

Model-3 Random Forest¶

In [47]:
rf  = RandomForestClassifier(n_estimators=100)

rf_model = rf.fit(X_train,y_train)
y_pred_rf = rf.predict(X_test)
accuracy_rf = accuracy_score(y_test, y_pred_rf)
precision_rf = precision_score(y_test, y_pred_rf, average='weighted')
f1_rf = f1_score(y_test, y_pred_rf)
recall_rf = recall_score(y_test,y_pred_rf)
print(f"F1-Score: {f1_rf*100:.2f}% correct")
print(f"Accuracy: {accuracy_rf*100:.2f}% correct")
print(f"Precision: {precision_rf*100:.2f}% correct")
print(f"Recall: {recall_rf*100:.2f}% correct")


ax = plt.axes()
rf_cm = confusion_matrix(y_test,y_pred_rf)
sns.heatmap(rf_cm, annot=True, annot_kws={"size": 20}, fmt='d',cmap="Blues", ax = ax )
ax.set_title('Confusion Matrix')
plt.xlabel('Predicted')
plt.ylabel('Actual')
plt.title('Confusion Matrix')
plt.show()

C:\Users\visha\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_24772\2612684483.py:3: DataConversionWarning:

A column-vector y was passed when a 1d array was expected. Please change the shape of y to (n_samples,), for example using ravel().


F1-Score: 79.77% correct
Accuracy: 94.75% correct
Precision: 94.81% correct
Recall: 68.32% correct
In [ ]:
df_customer.T
In [ ]:
df_customer[cat_cols]
In [ ]:
df[cat_cols]

Step 9_ Plot Churn against the categorical data¶

Location Code vs Churn¶

In [48]:
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from itertools import cycle, islice
import pandas, numpy as np


my_colors = list(islice(cycle(['b', 'r', 'g', 'y', 'k']), None, len(df['location code'])))

# Group the data by location code and calculate the churn rate
churn_by_location = df.groupby('location code')['churn'].sum()


# Create a bar chart
churn_by_location.plot(kind='bar',stacked=True, color=my_colors)
plt.title('Churn by location code')
plt.xlabel('location code')
plt.ylabel('Churn Rate')
plt.show()

Credit card info save VS churn¶

In [49]:
my_colors = list(islice(cycle(['b', 'r', 'g', 'y', 'k']), None, len(df['credit card info save'])))

# Group the data by Credit Card Info Save and calculate the churn rate
churn_by_location = df.groupby('credit card info save')['churn'].sum()


# Create a bar chart
churn_by_location.plot(kind='bar',stacked=True, color=my_colors)
plt.title('Churn by Credit Card Info Save')
plt.xlabel('credit card info save')
plt.ylabel('Churn Rate')
plt.show()
In [ ]:
### push status VS churn
In [50]:
my_colors = list(islice(cycle(['b', 'r', 'g', 'y', 'k']), None, len(df['push status'])))

# Group the data by push status and calculate the churn rate
churn_by_location = df.groupby('push status')['churn'].sum()


# Create a bar chart
churn_by_location.plot(kind='bar',stacked=True, color=my_colors)
plt.title('Churn by push status')
plt.xlabel('push status')
plt.ylabel('Churn Rate')
plt.show()

1. The location codes have a similar percentage of churns, meaning that location might not be a strong indication for churn

2. Customers with push status activated are less likely to be churns, meaning that motivating customers to activate push status might help minimize churns

3. Customers with their credit card information saved on the side are far less likely to be churns than customers without their credit card info saved. This means that if the shop motivates people to save their credit card info might minimize churns.

4. This makes sense since customers who trust their credit card info on a side indicate that they trust the brand. More trust less chances of customers leaving your business.

In [ ]: